Hormone Comparison Table

Hormone	Glandular Origin	Structural Type	Synthesis And Secretion	Receptor Target organ
Growth hormone GH	Anterior pituitary	Protein	prohormone- can be stored -stimulated by GHRH	membrane receptor - all cells of body
Cortisol	Adrenal cortex	Steroid	enzymes convert cholesterol to hormone - made only when needed	intracellular receptor - mostly liver
TSH Thyroid Stimulating hormone	Anterior Pituitary	Glycoprotein	prohormone -secreted by hypothalamus -stored until needed	membrane receptor -thyroid
ADH Antidiuretic Hormone vasopressin	Posterior pituitary	Polypeptide protein	prohormone made in hypothalamus -stored and released from post. pituitary	membrane receptor - kidney
Insulin	pancreas	protein	preprohormone - stored	Membrane receptor - liver, muscle and adipose
Glucagon	pancreas	polypeptide	preprohormone - stored	Membrane receptor -liver and adipose mostly
PTH Parathyroid Hormone	parathyroid	protein	prohormone - stored	Membrane receptor - bone, kidney, and intestine
Catecholamines Eprinephrine norepinephrine	neurons in the adrenal medulla	amines	enzyme induced production in cell - stored	Membrane receptor - mostly muscles and liver
Aldosterone	Adrenal Cortex	Steriod	Enzymes convert Chol. To hormone -made only when needed, not stored	intracellular receptor - Liver
Vit D	Diet Skin	Lipid	converted to usable form in liver and then kidney -released slowly	promotes intestinal absorbtion of calcium
Thyroid T3 + T4	Thyroid	Amine	enzyme induced production in cell -stored	intranuclear receptor -all cells of body
Calcitonin	thyroid	polypeptide	prohormone -stored	intranuclear receptor -Bone

Hormone	Transport Mechanism	Physiologic Effect	Patho physiology
Growth hormone GH	Protein bound	Increases: -protein synthesis -mobilization of fats -utilization of glucose	Dwarfism Giantism Acromegaly Panhypopituitis
Cortisol	Protein bound	stimulates gluconeogenesis -increases protein +lipid breakdown -antiinflammatory -supress imm.respon.	Cushing’s syndrome (hypersecretion Addison’s disease (hyposecretion)
TSH Thyroid Stimulating hormone	Unbound	stimulates thyroid to secrete its hormones T₃ + T₄	Hyperthyroid Hypothyroid
ADH Antidiuretic Hormone vasopressin	Unbound	-increases permeability of collecting ducts + distal tubules to H₂O -increases water reabsorbtion	Diabetes Insipidus (hyper, or hypo secretion)
Insulin	Unbound	-increases glycogen stores -increases glucose uptake -aa to protein -fat to adipose	Diabetes Type 1 and 2
Glucagon	Unbound	-increases blood glucose conc. -glycogenlolysis -lipolysis
PTH Parathyroid Hormone	binds with plasma protein -complexes with phosphate	regulates Ca metabolism -increases plasma Ca levels	Rickets – children Oteomalacia - Adults -Vit D deficiency
Catecholamines Eprinephrine norepinephrine	unbound	"Fight or Flight" - energy mobilization
Aldosterone	protein bound	binds DNA -regulates protein synthisis
Vit D		increases Ca absorbtion – intest. -increases Ca reabsorbtion – kidney
Thyroid T3 + T4	protein bound	gene transcription -generalized increase in activety -increased basal metabolic rate	Hypo + Hyper thyroidism
Calcitonin		increase plasma Ca -increase Ca resorbtion